OV - exec - Loop 19

	Loop Id: 19	Module: exec	Source: cg.cpp:108-113	Coverage: 43.27%

0x4115ac LDR	D1, [X20]    [2]

0x4115b0 LDR	D2, [X18], #8    [6]

0x4115b4 LDR	D3, [X0]    [3]

0x4115b8 SUBS	X3, X3, #1

0x4115bc FMADD	D1, D1, D2, D3

0x4115c0 STR	D1, [X0], #8    [3]

0x4115c4 LDR	D1, [X20]    [2]

0x4115c8 LDR	D2, [X1], #8    [4]

0x4115cc LDR	D3, [X2]    [5]

0x4115d0 FMSUB	D1, D1, D2, D3

0x4115d4 FMADD	D0, D1, D1, D0

0x4115d8 STR	D1, [X2], #8    [5]

0x4115dc STR	D0, [SP, #16]    [1]

0x4115e0 B.NE	4115ac

/home/eoseret/qaas/qaas_runs/178-237-4322/intel/TeaLeaf/build/TeaLeaf/src/omp/cg.cpp: 108 - 113

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

108:     for (int kk = halo_depth; kk < x - halo_depth; ++kk) {

109:       const int index = kk + jj * x;

110:

111:       u[index] += alpha * p[index];

112:       r[index] -= alpha * w[index];

113:       rrn_temp += r[index] * r[index];

Coverage (%)	Name	Source Location	Module
►98.42+	__kmp_invoke_microtask		libomp.so
○	__kmp_invoke_task_func		libomp.so
○	__kmp_launch_thread		libomp.so
○	__kmp_launch_worker(void*)		libomp.so
○	start_thread		libc.so.6
○	thread_start		libc.so.6
►1.58+	__kmp_invoke_microtask		libomp.so
○	__kmp_invoke_task_func		libomp.so
○	__kmp_fork_call		libomp.so
○	__kmpc_fork_call		libomp.so
○	run_cg_calc_ur(Chunk*, Setting[...]	cg.cpp:117	exec
○	cg_main_step_driver(Chunk*, Se[...]	cg_driver.cpp:69	exec
○	cg_driver(Chunk*, Settings&, d[...]	cg_driver.cpp:18	exec
○	solve(Chunk*, Settings&, int, [...]	diffuse.cpp:45	exec
○	diffuse(Chunk*, Settings&)	diffuse.cpp:12	exec
○	main	main.cpp:169	exec
○	__libc_start_call_main		libc.so.6
○	__libc_start_main		libc.so.6
○	_start		exec

min	med	avg	max

Percentile Index	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	100
Value

min	med	avg	max

Percentile Index	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	100
Value

Path /

Metric	Value
CQA speedup if no scalar integer	1.00
CQA speedup if FP arith vectorized	1.00
CQA speedup if fully vectorized	4.00
CQA speedup if no inter-iteration dependency	NA
CQA speedup if next bottleneck killed	1.06
Bottlenecks	P10,
Function	cg_calc_ur(int, int, int, double, double, double, double const, double, double const*) [clone .omp_outlined]
Source	cg.cpp:108-113
Source loop unroll info	not unrolled or unrolled with no peel/tail loop
Source loop unroll confidence level	max
Unroll/vectorization loop type	NA
Unroll factor	NA
CQA cycles	3.17
CQA cycles if no scalar integer	3.17
CQA cycles if FP arith vectorized	3.17
CQA cycles if fully vectorized	0.79
Front-end cycles	1.75
P0 cycles	0.50
P1 cycles	0.50
P2 cycles	0.75
P3 cycles	0.75
P4 cycles	0.75
P5 cycles	0.75
P6 cycles	1.50
P7 cycles	1.50
P8 cycles	1.50
P9 cycles	1.50
P10 cycles	3.17
P11 cycles	2.83
P12 cycles	3.00
P13 cycles	0.00
P14 cycles	0.00
DIV/SQRT cycles	0.00
Inter-iter dependencies cycles	2
FE+BE cycles (UFS)	NA
Stall cycles (UFS)	NA
Nb insns	14.00
Nb uops	14.00
Nb loads	NA
Nb stores	3.00
Nb stack references	1.00
FLOP/cycle	1.89
Nb FLOP add-sub	0.00
Nb FLOP mul	0.00
Nb FLOP fma	3.00
Nb FLOP div	0.00
Nb FLOP rcp	0.00
Nb FLOP sqrt	0.00
Nb FLOP rsqrt	0.00
Bytes/cycle	0.00
Bytes prefetched	0.00
Bytes loaded	0.00
Bytes stored	0.00
Stride 0	6.00
Stride 1	0.00
Stride n	0.00
Stride unknown	0.00
Stride indirect	0.00
Vectorization ratio all	0.00
Vectorization ratio load	0.00
Vectorization ratio store	0.00
Vectorization ratio mul	NA
Vectorization ratio add_sub	NA
Vectorization ratio fma	0.00
Vectorization ratio div_sqrt	NA
Vectorization ratio other	NA
Vector-efficiency ratio all	25.00
Vector-efficiency ratio load	25.00
Vector-efficiency ratio store	25.00
Vector-efficiency ratio mul	NA
Vector-efficiency ratio add_sub	NA
Vector-efficiency ratio fma	25.00
Vector-efficiency ratio div_sqrt	NA
Vector-efficiency ratio other	NA

Metric	Value
CQA speedup if no scalar integer	1.00
CQA speedup if FP arith vectorized	1.00
CQA speedup if fully vectorized	4.00
CQA speedup if no inter-iteration dependency	NA
CQA speedup if next bottleneck killed	1.06
Bottlenecks	P10,
Function	cg_calc_ur(int, int, int, double, double, double, double const, double, double const*) [clone .omp_outlined]
Source	cg.cpp:108-113
Source loop unroll info	not unrolled or unrolled with no peel/tail loop
Source loop unroll confidence level	max
Unroll/vectorization loop type	NA
Unroll factor	NA
CQA cycles	3.17
CQA cycles if no scalar integer	3.17
CQA cycles if FP arith vectorized	3.17
CQA cycles if fully vectorized	0.79
Front-end cycles	1.75
P0 cycles	0.50
P1 cycles	0.50
P2 cycles	0.75
P3 cycles	0.75
P4 cycles	0.75
P5 cycles	0.75
P6 cycles	1.50
P7 cycles	1.50
P8 cycles	1.50
P9 cycles	1.50
P10 cycles	3.17
P11 cycles	2.83
P12 cycles	3.00
P13 cycles	0.00
P14 cycles	0.00
DIV/SQRT cycles	0.00
Inter-iter dependencies cycles	2
FE+BE cycles (UFS)	NA
Stall cycles (UFS)	NA
Nb insns	14.00
Nb uops	14.00
Nb loads	NA
Nb stores	3.00
Nb stack references	1.00
FLOP/cycle	1.89
Nb FLOP add-sub	0.00
Nb FLOP mul	0.00
Nb FLOP fma	3.00
Nb FLOP div	0.00
Nb FLOP rcp	0.00
Nb FLOP sqrt	0.00
Nb FLOP rsqrt	0.00
Bytes/cycle	0.00
Bytes prefetched	0.00
Bytes loaded	0.00
Bytes stored	0.00
Stride 0	6.00
Stride 1	0.00
Stride n	0.00
Stride unknown	0.00
Stride indirect	0.00
Vectorization ratio all	0.00
Vectorization ratio load	0.00
Vectorization ratio store	0.00
Vectorization ratio mul	NA
Vectorization ratio add_sub	NA
Vectorization ratio fma	0.00
Vectorization ratio div_sqrt	NA
Vectorization ratio other	NA
Vector-efficiency ratio all	25.00
Vector-efficiency ratio load	25.00
Vector-efficiency ratio store	25.00
Vector-efficiency ratio mul	NA
Vector-efficiency ratio add_sub	NA
Vector-efficiency ratio fma	25.00
Vector-efficiency ratio div_sqrt	NA
Vector-efficiency ratio other	NA

Path /

Average path: Display a virtual path defined by average values of all real paths

Function	cg_calc_ur(int, int, int, double, double, double, double const, double, double const*) [clone .omp_outlined]
Source file and lines	cg.cpp:108-113
Module	exec

The loop is defined in /home/eoseret/qaas/qaas_runs/178-237-4322/intel/TeaLeaf/build/TeaLeaf/src/omp/cg.cpp:108-113.

The related source loop is not unrolled or unrolled with no peel/tail loop.

gain
potential
hint
expert

Vectorization

Your loop is not vectorized. 4 data elements could be processed at once in vector registers. By vectorizing your loop, you can lower the cost of an iteration from 3.17 to 0.79 cycles (4.00x speedup).

Details

All VPU instructions are used in scalar version (process only one data element in vector registers). Since your execution units are vector units, only a vectorized loop can use their full power.

Workaround

Try another compiler or update/tune your current one:
- recompile with ffast-math (included in Ofast) to extend loop vectorization to FP reductions.
Remove inter-iterations dependences from your loop and make it unit-stride:
- If your arrays have 2 or more dimensions, check whether elements are accessed contiguously and, otherwise, try to permute loops accordingly: C storage order is row-major: for(i) for(j) a[j][i] = b[j][i]; (slow, non stride 1) => for(i) for(j) a[i][j] = b[i][j]; (fast, stride 1)
- If your loop streams arrays of structures (AoS), try to use structures of arrays instead (SoA): for(i) a[i].x = b[i].x; (slow, non stride 1) => for(i) a.x[i] = b.x[i]; (fast, stride 1)

FMA

Detected 3 FMA (fused multiply-add) operations.

Matching between your loop (in the source code) and the binary loop

The binary loop is composed of 6 FP arithmetical operations:

3: addition or subtraction (all inside FMA instructions)
3: multiply (all inside FMA instructions)

The binary loop does not load or store any data.

General properties

nb instructions	14
nb uops	14
loop length	56
used w registers	0
used x registers	6
used b registers	0
used h registers	0
used s registers	1
used d registers	4
used q registers	0
used v registers	0
used z registers	0
nb stack references	1

Front-end

MACRO FUSION NOT POSSIBLE FIT IN UOP CACHE

micro-operation queue	1.75 cycles
front end	1.75 cycles

Back-end

	P0	P1	P2	P3	P4	P5	P6	P7	P8	P9	P10	P11	P12	P13	P14
uops	0.50	0.50	0.75	0.75	0.75	0.75	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	3.17	2.83	3.00	0.00	0.00
cycles	0.50	0.50	0.75	0.75	0.75	0.75	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	3.17	2.83	3.00	0.00	0.00

Execution ports to units layout:

P0: BRU
P1: BRU
P2: ALU
P3: ALU
P4: ALU
P5: ALU
P6 (128 bits): VPU, FP store data, ALU, DIV/SQRT
P7 (128 bits): VPU, ALU, FP store data
P8 (128 bits): VPU, ALU, DIV/SQRT
P9 (128 bits): ALU, VPU
P10 (256 bits): store address, load
P11 (256 bits): store address, load
P12 (256 bits): load
P13 (64 bits): store data
P14 (64 bits): store data

Cycles executing div or sqrt instructions	NA
Longest recurrence chain latency (RecMII)	2.00

Cycles summary

Front-end	1.75
Dispatch	3.17
Data deps.	2.00
Overall L1	3.17

Vectorization ratios

INT

all	0%
load	0%
store	0%
mul	NA (no mul vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
add-sub	NA (no add-sub vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
fma	NA (no fma vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
other	NA (no other vectorizable/vectorized instructions)

all	0%
load	NA (no load vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
store	NA (no store vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
mul	NA (no mul vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
add-sub	NA (no add-sub vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
fma	0%
div/sqrt	NA (no div/sqrt vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
other	NA (no other vectorizable/vectorized instructions)

INT+FP

all	0%
load	0%
store	0%
mul	NA (no mul vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
add-sub	NA (no add-sub vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
fma	0%
div/sqrt	NA (no div/sqrt vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
other	NA (no other vectorizable/vectorized instructions)

Vector efficiency ratios

INT

all	25%
load	25%
store	25%
mul	NA (no mul vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
add-sub	NA (no add-sub vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
fma	NA (no fma vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
other	NA (no other vectorizable/vectorized instructions)

all	25%
load	NA (no load vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
store	NA (no store vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
mul	NA (no mul vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
add-sub	NA (no add-sub vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
fma	25%
div/sqrt	NA (no div/sqrt vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
other	NA (no other vectorizable/vectorized instructions)

INT+FP

all	25%
load	25%
store	25%
mul	NA (no mul vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
add-sub	NA (no add-sub vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
fma	25%
div/sqrt	NA (no div/sqrt vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
other	NA (no other vectorizable/vectorized instructions)

Cycles and memory resources usage

Assuming all data fit into the L1 cache, each iteration of the binary loop takes 3.17 cycles.

Front-end bottlenecks

Found no such bottlenecks.

ASM code

In the binary file, the address of the loop is: 4115ac

Instruction	Nb FU	P0	P1	P2	P3	P4	P5	P6	P7	P8	P9	P10	P11	P12	Latency	Recip. throughput	Vectorization
LDR D1, [X20]	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.33	0.33	0.33	6	0.33	scal (25.0%)
LDR D2, [X18], #8	1	0	0	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0	0	0	0	0.33	0.33	0.33	6	0.33	scal (25.0%)
LDR D3, [X0]	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.33	0.33	0.33	6	0.33	scal (25.0%)
SUBS X3, X3, #1	1	0	0	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0.33	N/A
FMADD D1, D1, D2, D3	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0	0	0	4	0.25	scal (25.0%)
STR D1, [X0], #8	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.50	0.50	0	0	0.50	0.50	0	2	0.50	scal (25.0%)
LDR D1, [X20]	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.33	0.33	0.33	6	0.33	scal (25.0%)
LDR D2, [X1], #8	1	0	0	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0	0	0	0	0.33	0.33	0.33	6	0.33	scal (25.0%)
LDR D3, [X2]	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.33	0.33	0.33	6	0.33	scal (25.0%)
FMSUB D1, D1, D2, D3	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0	0	0	4	0.25	scal (25.0%)
FMADD D0, D1, D1, D0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0	0	0	4	0.25	scal (25.0%)
STR D1, [X2], #8	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.50	0.50	0	0	0.50	0.50	0	2	0.50	scal (25.0%)
STR D0, [SP, #16]	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.50	0.50	0	0	0.50	0.50	0	2	0.50	scal (25.0%)
B.NE 4115ac <_Z10cg_calc_uriiidPdS_PKdS_S1_.omp_outlined+0x104>	1	0.50	0.50	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0.50	N/A

Function	cg_calc_ur(int, int, int, double, double, double, double const, double, double const*) [clone .omp_outlined]
Source file and lines	cg.cpp:108-113
Module	exec

The loop is defined in /home/eoseret/qaas/qaas_runs/178-237-4322/intel/TeaLeaf/build/TeaLeaf/src/omp/cg.cpp:108-113.

The related source loop is not unrolled or unrolled with no peel/tail loop.

gain
potential
hint
expert

Vectorization

Your loop is not vectorized. 4 data elements could be processed at once in vector registers. By vectorizing your loop, you can lower the cost of an iteration from 3.17 to 0.79 cycles (4.00x speedup).

Details

All VPU instructions are used in scalar version (process only one data element in vector registers). Since your execution units are vector units, only a vectorized loop can use their full power.

Workaround

Try another compiler or update/tune your current one:
- recompile with ffast-math (included in Ofast) to extend loop vectorization to FP reductions.
Remove inter-iterations dependences from your loop and make it unit-stride:
- If your arrays have 2 or more dimensions, check whether elements are accessed contiguously and, otherwise, try to permute loops accordingly: C storage order is row-major: for(i) for(j) a[j][i] = b[j][i]; (slow, non stride 1) => for(i) for(j) a[i][j] = b[i][j]; (fast, stride 1)
- If your loop streams arrays of structures (AoS), try to use structures of arrays instead (SoA): for(i) a[i].x = b[i].x; (slow, non stride 1) => for(i) a.x[i] = b.x[i]; (fast, stride 1)

FMA

Detected 3 FMA (fused multiply-add) operations.

Matching between your loop (in the source code) and the binary loop

The binary loop is composed of 6 FP arithmetical operations:

3: addition or subtraction (all inside FMA instructions)
3: multiply (all inside FMA instructions)

The binary loop does not load or store any data.

General properties

nb instructions	14
nb uops	14
loop length	56
used w registers	0
used x registers	6
used b registers	0
used h registers	0
used s registers	1
used d registers	4
used q registers	0
used v registers	0
used z registers	0
nb stack references	1

Front-end

MACRO FUSION NOT POSSIBLE FIT IN UOP CACHE

micro-operation queue	1.75 cycles
front end	1.75 cycles

Back-end

	P0	P1	P2	P3	P4	P5	P6	P7	P8	P9	P10	P11	P12	P13	P14
uops	0.50	0.50	0.75	0.75	0.75	0.75	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	3.17	2.83	3.00	0.00	0.00
cycles	0.50	0.50	0.75	0.75	0.75	0.75	1.50	1.50	1.50	1.50	3.17	2.83	3.00	0.00	0.00

Execution ports to units layout:

P0: BRU
P1: BRU
P2: ALU
P3: ALU
P4: ALU
P5: ALU
P6 (128 bits): VPU, FP store data, ALU, DIV/SQRT
P7 (128 bits): VPU, ALU, FP store data
P8 (128 bits): VPU, ALU, DIV/SQRT
P9 (128 bits): ALU, VPU
P10 (256 bits): store address, load
P11 (256 bits): store address, load
P12 (256 bits): load
P13 (64 bits): store data
P14 (64 bits): store data

Cycles executing div or sqrt instructions	NA
Longest recurrence chain latency (RecMII)	2.00

Cycles summary

Front-end	1.75
Dispatch	3.17
Data deps.	2.00
Overall L1	3.17

Vectorization ratios

INT

all	0%
load	0%
store	0%
mul	NA (no mul vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
add-sub	NA (no add-sub vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
fma	NA (no fma vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
other	NA (no other vectorizable/vectorized instructions)

all	0%
load	NA (no load vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
store	NA (no store vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
mul	NA (no mul vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
add-sub	NA (no add-sub vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
fma	0%
div/sqrt	NA (no div/sqrt vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
other	NA (no other vectorizable/vectorized instructions)

INT+FP

all	0%
load	0%
store	0%
mul	NA (no mul vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
add-sub	NA (no add-sub vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
fma	0%
div/sqrt	NA (no div/sqrt vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
other	NA (no other vectorizable/vectorized instructions)

Vector efficiency ratios

INT

all	25%
load	25%
store	25%
mul	NA (no mul vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
add-sub	NA (no add-sub vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
fma	NA (no fma vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
other	NA (no other vectorizable/vectorized instructions)

all	25%
load	NA (no load vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
store	NA (no store vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
mul	NA (no mul vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
add-sub	NA (no add-sub vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
fma	25%
div/sqrt	NA (no div/sqrt vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
other	NA (no other vectorizable/vectorized instructions)

INT+FP

all	25%
load	25%
store	25%
mul	NA (no mul vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
add-sub	NA (no add-sub vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
fma	25%
div/sqrt	NA (no div/sqrt vectorizable/vectorized instructions)
other	NA (no other vectorizable/vectorized instructions)

Cycles and memory resources usage

Assuming all data fit into the L1 cache, each iteration of the binary loop takes 3.17 cycles.

Front-end bottlenecks

Found no such bottlenecks.

ASM code

In the binary file, the address of the loop is: 4115ac

Instruction	Nb FU	P0	P1	P2	P3	P4	P5	P6	P7	P8	P9	P10	P11	P12	Latency	Recip. throughput	Vectorization
LDR D1, [X20]	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.33	0.33	0.33	6	0.33	scal (25.0%)
LDR D2, [X18], #8	1	0	0	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0	0	0	0	0.33	0.33	0.33	6	0.33	scal (25.0%)
LDR D3, [X0]	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.33	0.33	0.33	6	0.33	scal (25.0%)
SUBS X3, X3, #1	1	0	0	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0.33	N/A
FMADD D1, D1, D2, D3	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0	0	0	4	0.25	scal (25.0%)
STR D1, [X0], #8	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.50	0.50	0	0	0.50	0.50	0	2	0.50	scal (25.0%)
LDR D1, [X20]	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.33	0.33	0.33	6	0.33	scal (25.0%)
LDR D2, [X1], #8	1	0	0	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0	0	0	0	0.33	0.33	0.33	6	0.33	scal (25.0%)
LDR D3, [X2]	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.33	0.33	0.33	6	0.33	scal (25.0%)
FMSUB D1, D1, D2, D3	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0	0	0	4	0.25	scal (25.0%)
FMADD D0, D1, D1, D0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0	0	0	4	0.25	scal (25.0%)
STR D1, [X2], #8	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.50	0.50	0	0	0.50	0.50	0	2	0.50	scal (25.0%)
STR D0, [SP, #16]	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.50	0.50	0	0	0.50	0.50	0	2	0.50	scal (25.0%)
B.NE 4115ac <_Z10cg_calc_uriiidPdS_PKdS_S1_.omp_outlined+0x104>	1	0.50	0.50	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0.50	N/A

Report Configuration

Vectorization

Details

Workaround

FMA

Matching between your loop (in the source code) and the binary loop

General properties

Front-end

Back-end

Cycles summary

Vectorization ratios

Vector efficiency ratios

Cycles and memory resources usage

Front-end bottlenecks

ASM code

Vectorization

Details

Workaround

FMA

Matching between your loop (in the source code) and the binary loop

General properties

Front-end

Back-end

Cycles summary

Vectorization ratios

Vector efficiency ratios

Cycles and memory resources usage

Front-end bottlenecks

ASM code