Help is available by moving the cursor above any symbol or by checking MAQAO website.
[ 0 / 4 ] Application profile is too short (0.50 s)
If the overall application profiling time is less than 10 seconds, many of the measurements at function or loop level will very likely be under the measurement quality threshold (0,1 seconds). Rerun to increase runtime duration: for example use a larger dataset, include a repetition loop or change profile_start settings.
[ 0 / 3 ] Some functions are compiled with a low optimization level (O0 or O1)
To have better performances, it is advised to help the compiler by using a proper optimization level (-O2 of higher). Warning, depending on compilers, faster optimization levels can decrease numeric accuracy.
[ 0 / 3 ] Most of time spent in analyzed modules comes from functions without compilation information
Functions without compilation information (typically not compiled with -g and -grecord-gcc-switches) cumulate 100.00% of the time spent in analyzed modules. Check that -g and -grecord-gcc-switches are present. Remark: if -g and -grecord-gcc-switches are indeed used, this can also be due to some compiler built-in functions (typically math) or statically linked libraries. This warning can be ignored in that case.
[ 3 / 3 ] Host configuration allows retrieval of all necessary metrics.
[ 0 / 3 ] Compilation of some functions is not optimized for the target processor
Architecture specific options are needed to produce efficient code for a specific processor ( -x(target) or -ax(target) ).
[ 2 / 2 ] Application is correctly profiled ("Others" category represents 0.00 % of the execution time)
To have a representative profiling, it is advised that the category "Others" represents less than 20% of the execution time in order to analyze as much as possible of the user code
[ 1 / 1 ] Lstopo present. The Topology lstopo report will be generated.
[ 0 / 0 ] Fastmath not used
Consider to add ffast-math to compilation flags (or replace -O3 with -Ofast) to unlock potential extra speedup by relaxing floating-point computation consistency. Warning: floating-point accuracy may be reduced and the compliance to IEEE/ISO rules/specifications for math functions will be relaxed, typically 'errno' will no longer be set after calling some math functions.
[ 4 / 4 ] Enough time of the experiment time spent in analyzed loops (74.18%)
If the time spent in analyzed loops is less than 30%, standard loop optimizations will have a limited impact on application performances.
[ 1 / 4 ] CPU activity is below 90% (42.04%)
CPU cores are idle more than 10% of time. Threads supposed to run on these cores are probably IO/sync waiting. Some hints: use faster filesystems to read/write data, improve parallel load balancing and/or scheduling.
[ 1 / 4 ] A significant amount of threads are idle (58.26%)
On average, more than 10% of observed threads are idle. Such threads are probably IO/sync waiting. Some hints: use faster filesystems to read/write data, improve parallel load balancing and/or scheduling.
[ 0 / 4 ] Affinity stability is lower than 90% (19.24%)
Threads are often migrating to other CPU cores/threads. For OpenMP, typically set (OMP_PLACES=cores OMP_PROC_BIND=close) or (OMP_PLACES=threads OMP_PROC_BIND=spread). With OpenMPI + OpenMP, use --bind-to core --map-by node:PE=$OMP_NUM_THREADS --report-bindings. With IntelMPI + OpenMP, set I_MPI_PIN_DOMAIN=omp:compact or I_MPI_PIN_DOMAIN=omp:scatter and use -print-rank-map.
[ 4 / 4 ] Loop profile is not flat
At least one loop coverage is greater than 4% (69.36%), representing an hotspot for the application
[ 4 / 4 ] Enough time of the experiment time spent in analyzed innermost loops (71.55%)
If the time spent in analyzed innermost loops is less than 15%, standard innermost loop optimizations such as vectorisation will have a limited impact on application performances.
[ 3 / 3 ] Cumulative Outermost/In between loops coverage (2.63%) lower than cumulative innermost loop coverage (71.55%)
Having cumulative Outermost/In between loops coverage greater than cumulative innermost loop coverage will make loop optimization more complex
[ 3 / 3 ] Less than 10% (0.00%) is spend in BLAS1 operations
It could be more efficient to inline by hand BLAS1 operations
[ 2 / 2 ] Less than 10% (0.00%) is spend in BLAS2 operations
BLAS2 calls usually could make a poor cache usage and could benefit from inlining.
[ 2 / 2 ] Less than 10% (0.00%) is spend in Libm/SVML (special functions)
Loop ID | Analysis | Penalty Score |
---|---|---|
►Loop 9 - kmeans-clang-O3-funroll | Execution Time: 69 % - Vectorization Ratio: 6.25 % - Vector Length Use: 12.50 % | |
►Loop Computation Issues | 2 | |
○ | [SA] Presence of a large number of scalar integer instructions - Simplify loop structure, perform loop splitting or perform unroll and jam. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
►Control Flow Issues | 2 | |
○ | [SA] Several paths (2 paths) - Simplify control structure or force the compiler to use masked instructions. There are 2 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each. | 2 |
►Vectorization Roadblocks | 2 | |
○ | [SA] Several paths (2 paths) - Simplify control structure or force the compiler to use masked instructions. There are 2 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each. | 2 |
►Loop 8 - kmeans-clang-O3-funroll | Execution Time: 2 % - Vectorization Ratio: 8.33 % - Vector Length Use: 10.94 % | |
►Loop Computation Issues | 2 | |
○ | [SA] Presence of a large number of scalar integer instructions - Simplify loop structure, perform loop splitting or perform unroll and jam. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
►Control Flow Issues | 5 | |
○ | [SA] Several paths (3 paths) - Simplify control structure or force the compiler to use masked instructions. There are 3 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each. | 3 |
○ | [SA] Non innermost loop (Outermost) - Collapse loop with innermost ones. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
►Vectorization Roadblocks | 5 | |
○ | [SA] Several paths (3 paths) - Simplify control structure or force the compiler to use masked instructions. There are 3 issues ( = paths) costing 1 point each. | 3 |
○ | [SA] Non innermost loop (Outermost) - Collapse loop with innermost ones. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
►Loop 7 - kmeans-clang-O3-funroll | Execution Time: 2 % - Vectorization Ratio: 0.00 % - Vector Length Use: 11.61 % | |
►Loop Computation Issues | 6 | |
○ | [SA] Less than 10% of the FP ADD/SUB/MUL arithmetic operations are performed using FMA - Reorganize arithmetic expressions to exhibit potential for FMA. This issue costs 4 points. | 4 |
○ | [SA] Presence of a large number of scalar integer instructions - Simplify loop structure, perform loop splitting or perform unroll and jam. This issue costs 2 points. | 2 |
►Data Access Issues | 12 | |
○ | [SA] Presence of indirect accesses - Use array restructuring or gather instructions to lower the cost. There are 3 issues ( = indirect data accesses) costing 4 point each. | 12 |
►Vectorization Roadblocks | 12 | |
○ | [SA] Presence of indirect accesses - Use array restructuring or gather instructions to lower the cost. There are 3 issues ( = indirect data accesses) costing 4 point each. | 12 |